Aluminum foil is usually a type of thin metallic film. The aluminum enjoys the benefit of moisture-proof and corrosion resistance. What exactly is far more, the aluminium account methods suppliers is non-toxic, tasteless and airtight. Thus the aluminum is commonly made use of in various fields. It can be secure to mention that the sector on the aluminum foil is promising. I would prefer to convince you along with the following examples.
The aluminum foil is used to produce the aluminum foil wall paper. This sort of paper is as smooth as paper, thus it doesn't come again to its authentic form just after remaining deformed. Which sort of paper, created kind the aluminum foil, is non-toxic and opaque. And many importantly, the cost of this sort of paper is lower. So this kind of paper is greatly utilised in cigarette trade, candy industry and food items sector. For the reason that this kind of paper cannot only offer decoration for that bundle but also might help the deal protect against humidity. As meals is indispensible for each day lifetime, in this way we could say that the industry probable for your aluminum foil paper is huge.
The aluminum foil might also be used to make aluminum foil tape, which happens to be of high-quality, pressure-sensitive adhesive, sticky and anti-aging. The insulation functionality of this type of aluminum foil tape is enormously better. Aluminum foil tape together with all the composite supplies of your aluminium foil container suppliers is used to seam. As well as the aluminum foil tape is indispensible for insulation. Thus the aluminum foil tape is broadly applied in refrigerators, air conditioner, automotive business, petrochemical marketplace, bridges, inns, electronics and various industries. And it is nearly harmless to state that aluminum foil tape is indispensible in these sectors, which consequently gives you important possibility for the enhancement of the marketplace for aluminum foil.
As we all understand that the aluminum foil is sweet at blocking air and humidity, and when the aluminum foil is thick good enough, it could entirely different air and humidity, for that reason the aluminum is generally employed as barrier elements Furthermore, the aluminum foil enjoys a number of pros. It is actually healthy and exquisite. And insulation is usually obtained. Consequently, aluminum foil is commonly accustomed to make aluminum foils lunch bins. Which kind of aluminum foil lunch box is quite well known throughout the world. It might be placed on gas stoves or in microwave ovens for heating with no currently being nervous with regards to the danger of fireside. Consequently it provides great advantage to people's lifetime. And with all the rapid rate of today's life, the lunch box are going to be virtually indispensible for our daily life. All in all of the current market for aluminum foil is promising.
Thursday, August 23, 2012
Increasing Desire for Aluminum Foil Qualified prospects to Its Wide Application Prospective customers
Aluminum foil is actually a incredibly hot stamping content with steel aluminum specifically compressed into thin sheet. It truly is characterized by a metallic luster, large photophobism, larger reflective ability to heat and lightweight, robust safety, superior isolated nature, currently being not afflicted by humidity adjustments and and many others.
Aluminum foil is used within a wide selection of fields. In modern packaging, almost each of the goods demanding opaque or substantial barrier composite materials are made from aluminum door frames because the barrier layer of packaging products. Aluminum-plastic composite tank content is made into a variety of sorts of packaging tank with non-toxic, tasteless and non-polluting options. Aluminum-plastic composite membrane is produced of high-strength, heat sealable plastic film compounded by aluminum foil, that is broadly utilized in food, substances and packaging of armed forces materials.
Pharmaceutical packaging foil is principally used in easy-open cap of agent and injection, and medicinal PTP aluminum foil. In the intercontinental pharmaceutical market, the use of PTP aluminum foil is rather extensive due to its advantages of benefit, protection and well being. In recent years the rapid development in medicine foil market place lies in the proportion of aluminum coil supplier in the pharmaceutical packaging is continuously mounting. For instance, the packaging of medicine tablets, powders and capsules is step by step turning from paper bag, uncomplicated plastic bag, glass bottle into aluminum-plastic blister packaging.
Aided by the vigorous enhancement of auto sector, marketplace demands for automotive foil have swiftly greater. There are 2 sorts of car foil. A single is composite foil for that auto air conditioner, and an additional is for vehicle radiator that is definitely made use of to manufacture automotive drinking water tank radiator, automobile condenser and evaporator.
Aluminum foil is likewise used during the area of decoration. Mainly because aluminum composite panel is sweet in coloring and photograph thermal reflectance, it will become a fine attractive material within the type of aluminum-plastic structure, principally used in the decoration of design and home furniture, and a part of the reward box packaging. The demand for attractive aluminum in development industry has sharply improved in recent times, generally used since the decorative components inside a constructing interior wall and indoor household furniture in addition as within the façade and interiors of commercial establishments. The ornamental foil has the advantages of heat insulation, moisture-proof, sound insulation, fire defense and straightforward cleanness. What's more, it takes on luxurious appearance using the capabilities of convenient processing and speedy development and installation.
It can be said that aluminum foil has fully demonstrated its broad app prospects in many fields mainly because of its excellent performance.
Aluminum foil is used within a wide selection of fields. In modern packaging, almost each of the goods demanding opaque or substantial barrier composite materials are made from aluminum door frames because the barrier layer of packaging products. Aluminum-plastic composite tank content is made into a variety of sorts of packaging tank with non-toxic, tasteless and non-polluting options. Aluminum-plastic composite membrane is produced of high-strength, heat sealable plastic film compounded by aluminum foil, that is broadly utilized in food, substances and packaging of armed forces materials.
Pharmaceutical packaging foil is principally used in easy-open cap of agent and injection, and medicinal PTP aluminum foil. In the intercontinental pharmaceutical market, the use of PTP aluminum foil is rather extensive due to its advantages of benefit, protection and well being. In recent years the rapid development in medicine foil market place lies in the proportion of aluminum coil supplier in the pharmaceutical packaging is continuously mounting. For instance, the packaging of medicine tablets, powders and capsules is step by step turning from paper bag, uncomplicated plastic bag, glass bottle into aluminum-plastic blister packaging.
Aided by the vigorous enhancement of auto sector, marketplace demands for automotive foil have swiftly greater. There are 2 sorts of car foil. A single is composite foil for that auto air conditioner, and an additional is for vehicle radiator that is definitely made use of to manufacture automotive drinking water tank radiator, automobile condenser and evaporator.
Aluminum foil is likewise used during the area of decoration. Mainly because aluminum composite panel is sweet in coloring and photograph thermal reflectance, it will become a fine attractive material within the type of aluminum-plastic structure, principally used in the decoration of design and home furniture, and a part of the reward box packaging. The demand for attractive aluminum in development industry has sharply improved in recent times, generally used since the decorative components inside a constructing interior wall and indoor household furniture in addition as within the façade and interiors of commercial establishments. The ornamental foil has the advantages of heat insulation, moisture-proof, sound insulation, fire defense and straightforward cleanness. What's more, it takes on luxurious appearance using the capabilities of convenient processing and speedy development and installation.
It can be said that aluminum foil has fully demonstrated its broad app prospects in many fields mainly because of its excellent performance.
Tuesday, August 21, 2012
Professional Car Detailing
Start your car care session by walking around the vehicle and assessing the paintwork - feel the paint finish with your hand and see if it is rough or smooth. If it is smooth all you are going to need to do is wash it but if is feels rough, then you are into different detailing territory.
If the paint look stained or discolored and has a rough feel to it, you need to really clean it extremely well. What you are looking for is a silky feel to the paintwork as this is the starting block for any other attention you give the car. For a pro finish, use a pre-wax cleaning agent or paint cleaning clay which will remove any surface contaminants; if by now you are thinking this sounds like something a pampered lady can expect at the beauty salon with exfoliating before a final make-up application, then you are not far off the mark!
When you have a clean paint job, inspect the car again and this time you are looking for scratches, water spots and swirl marks - the minor detracting blots on your car's appearance. You can then deal with this by firstly using a good grade polish and a lot of rubbing and polishing but be prepared to spend a couple of hours on this job if necessary! Make sure you have also taken care of all of these blotches and marks before you apply any wax - this is very important. To make your life easier, you can use an orbital polishing machine with pads attached and which will buff the car paint work up so much more quickly.
Deeper marks and scratches which have tunnel car washing machine not reached down to the primer or metal bodywork can be dealt with by a scratch remover car wash equipment suppliers polish and most scuff marks will also be taken care of with a vigorous polishing.
Finally, you are now ready to apply the wax which is going to take up to an hour to perform. The effect of a deep clean, polish and waxing though will instantly be apparent and is guaranteed to turn heads on the street when you are out cruising. You should perform this kind of thorough cleaning at least once a year and even better if you do it every six months. Establishing a routine whereby you are taking care of your car's appearance will help prevent wear and tear on the paint job from deteriorating to the point where you need to have the problem dealt with by the professionals - and that means you are into the big bucks!
Be careful when you are looking at applying further applications of "protection" products as very often they are over applied and while your car may look good for a while, all this gunk eventually needs to come off and it will look messy after a while which defeats the whole object. The rule to follow is to use little and often so make sure you establish a regular cleaning routine which includes deep cleaning and regular weekly detailing to a less thorough extent.
If the paint look stained or discolored and has a rough feel to it, you need to really clean it extremely well. What you are looking for is a silky feel to the paintwork as this is the starting block for any other attention you give the car. For a pro finish, use a pre-wax cleaning agent or paint cleaning clay which will remove any surface contaminants; if by now you are thinking this sounds like something a pampered lady can expect at the beauty salon with exfoliating before a final make-up application, then you are not far off the mark!
When you have a clean paint job, inspect the car again and this time you are looking for scratches, water spots and swirl marks - the minor detracting blots on your car's appearance. You can then deal with this by firstly using a good grade polish and a lot of rubbing and polishing but be prepared to spend a couple of hours on this job if necessary! Make sure you have also taken care of all of these blotches and marks before you apply any wax - this is very important. To make your life easier, you can use an orbital polishing machine with pads attached and which will buff the car paint work up so much more quickly.
Deeper marks and scratches which have tunnel car washing machine not reached down to the primer or metal bodywork can be dealt with by a scratch remover car wash equipment suppliers polish and most scuff marks will also be taken care of with a vigorous polishing.
Finally, you are now ready to apply the wax which is going to take up to an hour to perform. The effect of a deep clean, polish and waxing though will instantly be apparent and is guaranteed to turn heads on the street when you are out cruising. You should perform this kind of thorough cleaning at least once a year and even better if you do it every six months. Establishing a routine whereby you are taking care of your car's appearance will help prevent wear and tear on the paint job from deteriorating to the point where you need to have the problem dealt with by the professionals - and that means you are into the big bucks!
Be careful when you are looking at applying further applications of "protection" products as very often they are over applied and while your car may look good for a while, all this gunk eventually needs to come off and it will look messy after a while which defeats the whole object. The rule to follow is to use little and often so make sure you establish a regular cleaning routine which includes deep cleaning and regular weekly detailing to a less thorough extent.
Power Pressure Washers - Your Home Pressure Washing Tips
If you are wondering how to clean up your sidings and fence for paint preparation, or simply cleaning up the harden grease and grime accumulated over the years along the driveway, at your patio and deck, or even clean your car, power pressure washers is the most effective alternative for you. Here are 5 key pressure washing tips which you will surely find useful.
First things first, understand that protection is key to keeping the home in good condition. Hence, ensure that all fragile displays, paintings, and precious objects touchless car wash equipment you have at your home should be kept away before you start cleaning. You will need to ensure that all children are kept away for the areas being cleaned. And before you start cleaning with the machine, tape down the long entwining electrical cords and cover up all exposed wall power sockets.
Note that when you first handle power pressure washers, you need to be touchless car wash equipment for sale gentle with the trigger where you release the water from the spray, especially when this is a new machine. The key reason being that you need to familiarize with the pressure in case debris and dust get sprayed all over the place. Once you are accustomed to the machine, there is no issue with power control.
On the issue of managing power of your machine, you might also want to vary the distance that you stand away from the surface so that you could achieve the desired cleaning effect. Standing too close to the surface could damage it, especially for wood surfaces like deck or deck furniture. The closer your distance to the surface the more laser focused is the water jet and hence sharper the clean. The further away you stand, the lower the cleaning power and vice versa. Similarly, the greater the fan like angle you make, lower the cleaning power as well. As a rule of thumb, you should stand about 3 feet away from the surface or object and take at least a 45 degree angle when cleaning gutters, over hangs, downspouts etc.
Have regular maintenance on your power pressure washers and never wait till the last moments before you need to do maintenance. Make sure that you clean up all detergent containers, wires, and nozzles and that they are dry before you keep them in the storage. Detergent and bleach are capable of damaging you washers. When in doubt, always refer to the manufacturer manual or call the after sale hot line services.
These pressure washing tips aim to help you get the best performance out of your power pressure washers to ensure that you give your home a safe and good clean wash.
First things first, understand that protection is key to keeping the home in good condition. Hence, ensure that all fragile displays, paintings, and precious objects touchless car wash equipment you have at your home should be kept away before you start cleaning. You will need to ensure that all children are kept away for the areas being cleaned. And before you start cleaning with the machine, tape down the long entwining electrical cords and cover up all exposed wall power sockets.
Note that when you first handle power pressure washers, you need to be touchless car wash equipment for sale gentle with the trigger where you release the water from the spray, especially when this is a new machine. The key reason being that you need to familiarize with the pressure in case debris and dust get sprayed all over the place. Once you are accustomed to the machine, there is no issue with power control.
On the issue of managing power of your machine, you might also want to vary the distance that you stand away from the surface so that you could achieve the desired cleaning effect. Standing too close to the surface could damage it, especially for wood surfaces like deck or deck furniture. The closer your distance to the surface the more laser focused is the water jet and hence sharper the clean. The further away you stand, the lower the cleaning power and vice versa. Similarly, the greater the fan like angle you make, lower the cleaning power as well. As a rule of thumb, you should stand about 3 feet away from the surface or object and take at least a 45 degree angle when cleaning gutters, over hangs, downspouts etc.
Have regular maintenance on your power pressure washers and never wait till the last moments before you need to do maintenance. Make sure that you clean up all detergent containers, wires, and nozzles and that they are dry before you keep them in the storage. Detergent and bleach are capable of damaging you washers. When in doubt, always refer to the manufacturer manual or call the after sale hot line services.
These pressure washing tips aim to help you get the best performance out of your power pressure washers to ensure that you give your home a safe and good clean wash.
Friday, August 17, 2012
Replacing a Shower Valve Assembly
You can find the entire shower valve assembly at your local big box for around $40.00. I must tell you that this is not a temperature regulating valve. Gate Valve It is simply the original shower valve mechanism.
Cut a hole in the wall behind the shower valve coming in from the other side of the wall.
Then here is what you do:
o turn off the water;
o cut the old pipes;
o remove the assembly;
o fit the new assembly in place; and
o solder all the necessary piping back together.
After checking for leaks, replace the drywall that you took out to get to the assembly.
An Important Note: I made sure there is sufficient support for the new shower valve. Also made sure there is extra support for the tub spout.
A very common problem is some people think this is a foot rest. For example, while shaving their legs or just relaxing in the tub. It is not for that purpose. So, reinforce accordingly.
Just a Thought: You have to admit, replacing the drywall from the rear to fit a leaky faucet is much easier than placing new tile on the wall or having to replace a fiberglass tub enclosure.
As far as the time and effort expended in this case, replacement of the valve assembly is faster and cheaper than the time you would waste trying to fix the old leaky faucet valve and it is far more reliable.
The really difficult part of this project is getting the right parts. I always carry the old parts to the big box and try to match them. Most faucets have a life expectancy of, at least, 10 years. However, vendor product lines get updated regularly.
You can find the entire shower valve assembly at your local big box for around $40.00. I must tell you that this is not a temperature regulating valve. It is simply the original shower valve mechanism. shower valve,piping,replacing shower valve,shower valve assembly,original shower valve,
Cut a hole in the wall behind the shower valve coming in from the other side of the wall.
Then here is what you do:
o turn off the water;
o cut the old pipes;
o remove the assembly;
o fit the new assembly in place; and
o solder all the necessary piping back together.
After checking for leaks, replace the drywall that you took out to get to the assembly.
An Important Note: I made sure there is sufficient support for the new shower valve. Also made sure there is extra support for the tub spout.
A very common problem is some people think this is a foot rest. For example, while shaving their legs or just relaxing in the tub. It is not for that purpose. So, reinforce accordingly.
Just a Thought: You have to admit, replacing the drywall from the rear to fit a leaky faucet is much easier than placing new tile on the wall or having to replace a fiberglass tub enclosure.
As far as the time and effort expended in this case, replacement of the valve assembly is faster and cheaper than the time you would waste trying to fix the old leaky faucet valve and it is far more reliable.
The really difficult part of this project is getting the right parts. I always carry the old parts to the big box and try to match them. Most faucets have a life expectancy of, at least, 10 years. However, vendor product lines get updated regularly.
You can find the entire shower valve assembly at your local big box for around $40.00. I must tell you that this is not a temperature regulating valve. It is simply the original shower valve mechanism. shower valve,piping,replacing shower valve,shower valve assembly,original shower valve,
Heavy Maintenance Checks
Heavy maintenance checks and landing gear repair.
a. The landing gear on aircraft may be fixed or retractable.
b. Retractable gear on aircraft is usually operated with hydraulic or electric power, although some models of light general aviation aircraft have manual retract systems operated by a lever in the cockpit.
(1) In addition to the normal operating system, emergency systems are usually provided to ensure that the landing gear can be lowered in case of main-system failure.
(2) Emergency systems consist of backup hydraulic systems, or stored nitrogen aas bottles that can be directed into actuating cylinders, mechanical systems that can be operated manually, or free-fall gravity systems.
Wear points, such as landing gear up-and-down latches, jack-screws, door hinges, pulleys, cables, bellcranks, and all pressure-type grease fittings, should be lubricated after every cleaning operation.
To prevent possible failure of a component due to incompatibility or breakdown of the grease, the following should be observed:
1. Use only greases approved for use by the product manufacturer.
2. Never mix different kinds of grease without approval from the product manufacturer.
3. Follow the manufacturer's instructions or FAA approved process for cleaning, purging, and lubricating of the component.
To obtain proper lubrication of the main support bushings, it may be necessary to jack the aircraft.
Those companies with approval for Boeing heavy maintenance are concerned with retractable landing gear and thorough inspection of the landing gear is part and parcel of heavy maintenance checks. This involves the entire structure of the gear, including attachments, struts, wheels, brakes, actuating mechanisms for retractable gears, gear hydraulic system and valves, gear doors, and all associated parts. The manufacturer's inspection procedures should be followed where applicable.
It is recommended that only easily removable neutral solutions be used when cleaning landing gear components. Any advantage, such as speed or effectiveness, gained by using cleaners containing corrosive materials, can be quickly counteracted if these materials become trapped in close-fitting surfaces and crevices.
NOTE: Any time the aircraft is on aircraft jacks, check the landing gear main support bushings for wear. Consult the aircraft manufacturer's overhaul manual for specific wear tolerances.
During winter operation, excess grease may congeal and cause increased loads on the gear retraction system, electric motors, and hydraulic pumps. This condition can lead to component malfunctions; therefore, it is recommended that cleanliness be stressed during and after lubrication.
Fixed landing gear should be examined regularly for wear, deterioration, corrosion, alignment, and other factors that may cause failure or unsatisfactory operation. During a 100-hour or annual inspection of the fixed gear, the aircraft should be jacked up to relieve the aircraft weight. The gear struts and wheels should be checked for abnormal play and corrected.
Narrow bodied aircraft maintenance
a. Old aircraft landing gear that employs a rubber shock (bungee) cord for shock absorption must be inspected for age, fraying of the braided sheath, narrowing (necking) of the cord, and wear at points of contact with the structure and stretch. If the age of the shock cord is near 5 years or more, it is advisable to replace it with a new cord. A cord that shows other defects should be replaced, regardless of age.
b. The cord is color-coded to indicate when it was manufactured and to determine the life of the shock cord. According to MIL-C-5651A, the color code for the year of manufacture is repeated in cycles of 5 years.
c. The color coding is composed of threads interwoven in the cotton sheath that holds the strands of rubber cord together. Two spiral threads are used for the year coding and one thread is used for the quarter of the year sheath, e.g. yellow and blue would indicate that the cord was manufactured in 1994 during April, May, or June.
d. Shock struts of the spring-oleo type should be examined for leakage, smoothness of operation, looseness between the moving parts, and play at the attaching points. The extension of the struts should be checked to make sure that the springs are not worn or broken. The piston section of the strut should be free of nicks, cuts, and rust.
e. Air-oil struts should undergo an inspection similar to that recommended for spring-oleo struts. In addition, the extension of the strut should be checked to see that it conforms to the distance specified by the manufacturer. If an air-oil strut "bottoms", that is, it is collapsed-the gas charge and hydraulic fluid has been lost from the air chamber. This is probably due to a loose or defective air valve or to defective o-ring seals.
CAUTION: Before an air-oil strut is removed or disassembled, the air valve should be opened to make sure that all air pressure is removed. Severe injury and/or damage can occur as the result of disassembling a strut when even a small amount of air pressure is still in the air chamber.
f. The method for checking the fluid level of an air-oil strut is given in the manufacturer's maintenance manual. An alternate means of servicing an oil strut is to jack up the aircraft, remove the strut's valve cap, release the air charge in the strut by depressing the valve core, remove the strut's valve core, attach a clean two-foot rubber or plastic hose to the threaded portion that houses the valve core, and secure with a hose clamp. Put the other end of the hose into a clean two quart container filled with the correct hydraulic fluid for the strut. Cover the container with a clean rag to prevent spillage. Now, slowly raise the gear/strut assembly either manually or with another jack under the strut. This will drive the remaining air out of the strut into the container of hydraulic fluid. Once the gear is fully retracted, slowly lower the gear. The hydraulic fluid in the can will be sucked into the strut. Repeat this procedure until you cannot hear any more air bubbles in the container when the wheel strut is fully retracted. With the strut fully retracted, remove the hose, insert the valve core, lower the gear, and service the strut with nitrogen to get the proper strut extension.
g. The entire structure of the landing gear should be closely examined for cracks, nicks, cuts, corrosion damage, or any other condition that can cause stress concentrations and eventual failure. The exposed lower end of the air-oleo piston is especially susceptible to damage and corrosion, which can lead to seal damage, because the strut is compressed and the piston moves past the strut lower seal, causing the seal to leak fluid and air. Small nicks or cuts can be filed and burnished to a smooth contour, eliminating the point of stress concentration. If a crack is found in a landing gear member, the part must be replaced.
h. All bolts and fittings should be checked for security and condition. Bolts in the torque links and shimmy damper tend to wear and become loose due to the operational loads placed on them. The nose-wheel shimmy damper should be checked for proper operation and any evidence of leaking. All required servicing should be performed in accordance with the aircraft service manual.
Inspection of retractable landing gear
Inspection of the retractable landing gear should include all applicable items mentioned in the inspection for the fixed gear. In addition, the actuating mechanisms must be inspected for wear looseness in any joint, trunnion, or bearings; leakage of fluid from any hydraulic lines or units; and, smoothness of operation. The operational check is performed by jacking the aircraft according to the manufacturer's instructions and then operating the gear retracting and extending system.
Landing-gear doors should be checked. Improper adjustment of sequence valves may cause doors to rub against gear structures or wheels. The manufacturer's checklist should be followed to ensure that critical items are zdvalve.com checked. While the aircraft is still on jacks, the gear can be tested for looseness of mounting points, play in torque links, condition of the inner strut cylinder, play in wheel bearings, and play in actuating linkages. Emergency blow down gear bottles should be inspected for damage and corrosion and weighed to see if the bottle is still retaining the charge.
Mechanics should be aware that retread tyres can be dimensionally bigger than a "new" tyre. While this does not pose a problem on fixed landing gear aircraft, it may present a serious problem when installed on retractable landing gear aircraft. It is strongly recommended that if a retread tyre is installed on a retractable landing gear aircraft, a retraction test be performed. With the gear in the up-and-lock position, the mechanic should determine that if the tyre expands due to high ambient temperature, heat generated from taxi and take-off, repeated landings, or heavy braking, the tyre will not expand to the point that it becomes wedged in the wheel well.
The proper operation of the antiretraction system should be checked in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Where safety switches are actuated by the torque links, the actual time of switch closing or opening can be checked by removing all air from the strut and then collapsing the strut. In every case, the adjustment should be such that the gear control cannot be placed in the UP position or that the system cannot operate until the shock strut is at the full extended position.
During the operational test, the smoothness of operation, effectiveness of up-and-down locks, operation of the warning horn, operation of indicating systems, and clearance of tyres in wheel wells should all be checked.
Emergency landing gear systems.
Exercise emergency landing gear systems periodically to ensure proper operation and to prevent inactivity, dirt, and corrosion from rendering the system inoperative when needed. Most emergency systems employ either mechanical, pressure-bottle, or free-fall extension capabilities. Check for the proper safeties on triggering mechanisms, and for the presence of required placards, and necessary accessories such as cranks, levers, handles, etc. Emergency blowdown bottles should be checked for corrosion damage, and then weighed to see if the bottle is still retaining the charge.
A thorough inspection of the landing gear is part and parcel of heavy maintenance checks and involves the entire structure of the gear, including attachments, struts, wheels, brakes, actuating mechanisms for retractable gears, gear hydraulic system and... heavy maintenance checks, landing gear repair, inspection, narrow bodied aircraft maintenance,
a. The landing gear on aircraft may be fixed or retractable.
b. Retractable gear on aircraft is usually operated with hydraulic or electric power, although some models of light general aviation aircraft have manual retract systems operated by a lever in the cockpit.
(1) In addition to the normal operating system, emergency systems are usually provided to ensure that the landing gear can be lowered in case of main-system failure.
(2) Emergency systems consist of backup hydraulic systems, or stored nitrogen aas bottles that can be directed into actuating cylinders, mechanical systems that can be operated manually, or free-fall gravity systems.
Wear points, such as landing gear up-and-down latches, jack-screws, door hinges, pulleys, cables, bellcranks, and all pressure-type grease fittings, should be lubricated after every cleaning operation.
To prevent possible failure of a component due to incompatibility or breakdown of the grease, the following should be observed:
1. Use only greases approved for use by the product manufacturer.
2. Never mix different kinds of grease without approval from the product manufacturer.
3. Follow the manufacturer's instructions or FAA approved process for cleaning, purging, and lubricating of the component.
To obtain proper lubrication of the main support bushings, it may be necessary to jack the aircraft.
Those companies with approval for Boeing heavy maintenance are concerned with retractable landing gear and thorough inspection of the landing gear is part and parcel of heavy maintenance checks. This involves the entire structure of the gear, including attachments, struts, wheels, brakes, actuating mechanisms for retractable gears, gear hydraulic system and valves, gear doors, and all associated parts. The manufacturer's inspection procedures should be followed where applicable.
It is recommended that only easily removable neutral solutions be used when cleaning landing gear components. Any advantage, such as speed or effectiveness, gained by using cleaners containing corrosive materials, can be quickly counteracted if these materials become trapped in close-fitting surfaces and crevices.
NOTE: Any time the aircraft is on aircraft jacks, check the landing gear main support bushings for wear. Consult the aircraft manufacturer's overhaul manual for specific wear tolerances.
During winter operation, excess grease may congeal and cause increased loads on the gear retraction system, electric motors, and hydraulic pumps. This condition can lead to component malfunctions; therefore, it is recommended that cleanliness be stressed during and after lubrication.
Fixed landing gear should be examined regularly for wear, deterioration, corrosion, alignment, and other factors that may cause failure or unsatisfactory operation. During a 100-hour or annual inspection of the fixed gear, the aircraft should be jacked up to relieve the aircraft weight. The gear struts and wheels should be checked for abnormal play and corrected.
Narrow bodied aircraft maintenance
a. Old aircraft landing gear that employs a rubber shock (bungee) cord for shock absorption must be inspected for age, fraying of the braided sheath, narrowing (necking) of the cord, and wear at points of contact with the structure and stretch. If the age of the shock cord is near 5 years or more, it is advisable to replace it with a new cord. A cord that shows other defects should be replaced, regardless of age.
b. The cord is color-coded to indicate when it was manufactured and to determine the life of the shock cord. According to MIL-C-5651A, the color code for the year of manufacture is repeated in cycles of 5 years.
c. The color coding is composed of threads interwoven in the cotton sheath that holds the strands of rubber cord together. Two spiral threads are used for the year coding and one thread is used for the quarter of the year sheath, e.g. yellow and blue would indicate that the cord was manufactured in 1994 during April, May, or June.
d. Shock struts of the spring-oleo type should be examined for leakage, smoothness of operation, looseness between the moving parts, and play at the attaching points. The extension of the struts should be checked to make sure that the springs are not worn or broken. The piston section of the strut should be free of nicks, cuts, and rust.
e. Air-oil struts should undergo an inspection similar to that recommended for spring-oleo struts. In addition, the extension of the strut should be checked to see that it conforms to the distance specified by the manufacturer. If an air-oil strut "bottoms", that is, it is collapsed-the gas charge and hydraulic fluid has been lost from the air chamber. This is probably due to a loose or defective air valve or to defective o-ring seals.
CAUTION: Before an air-oil strut is removed or disassembled, the air valve should be opened to make sure that all air pressure is removed. Severe injury and/or damage can occur as the result of disassembling a strut when even a small amount of air pressure is still in the air chamber.
f. The method for checking the fluid level of an air-oil strut is given in the manufacturer's maintenance manual. An alternate means of servicing an oil strut is to jack up the aircraft, remove the strut's valve cap, release the air charge in the strut by depressing the valve core, remove the strut's valve core, attach a clean two-foot rubber or plastic hose to the threaded portion that houses the valve core, and secure with a hose clamp. Put the other end of the hose into a clean two quart container filled with the correct hydraulic fluid for the strut. Cover the container with a clean rag to prevent spillage. Now, slowly raise the gear/strut assembly either manually or with another jack under the strut. This will drive the remaining air out of the strut into the container of hydraulic fluid. Once the gear is fully retracted, slowly lower the gear. The hydraulic fluid in the can will be sucked into the strut. Repeat this procedure until you cannot hear any more air bubbles in the container when the wheel strut is fully retracted. With the strut fully retracted, remove the hose, insert the valve core, lower the gear, and service the strut with nitrogen to get the proper strut extension.
g. The entire structure of the landing gear should be closely examined for cracks, nicks, cuts, corrosion damage, or any other condition that can cause stress concentrations and eventual failure. The exposed lower end of the air-oleo piston is especially susceptible to damage and corrosion, which can lead to seal damage, because the strut is compressed and the piston moves past the strut lower seal, causing the seal to leak fluid and air. Small nicks or cuts can be filed and burnished to a smooth contour, eliminating the point of stress concentration. If a crack is found in a landing gear member, the part must be replaced.
h. All bolts and fittings should be checked for security and condition. Bolts in the torque links and shimmy damper tend to wear and become loose due to the operational loads placed on them. The nose-wheel shimmy damper should be checked for proper operation and any evidence of leaking. All required servicing should be performed in accordance with the aircraft service manual.
Inspection of retractable landing gear
Inspection of the retractable landing gear should include all applicable items mentioned in the inspection for the fixed gear. In addition, the actuating mechanisms must be inspected for wear looseness in any joint, trunnion, or bearings; leakage of fluid from any hydraulic lines or units; and, smoothness of operation. The operational check is performed by jacking the aircraft according to the manufacturer's instructions and then operating the gear retracting and extending system.
Landing-gear doors should be checked. Improper adjustment of sequence valves may cause doors to rub against gear structures or wheels. The manufacturer's checklist should be followed to ensure that critical items are zdvalve.com checked. While the aircraft is still on jacks, the gear can be tested for looseness of mounting points, play in torque links, condition of the inner strut cylinder, play in wheel bearings, and play in actuating linkages. Emergency blow down gear bottles should be inspected for damage and corrosion and weighed to see if the bottle is still retaining the charge.
Mechanics should be aware that retread tyres can be dimensionally bigger than a "new" tyre. While this does not pose a problem on fixed landing gear aircraft, it may present a serious problem when installed on retractable landing gear aircraft. It is strongly recommended that if a retread tyre is installed on a retractable landing gear aircraft, a retraction test be performed. With the gear in the up-and-lock position, the mechanic should determine that if the tyre expands due to high ambient temperature, heat generated from taxi and take-off, repeated landings, or heavy braking, the tyre will not expand to the point that it becomes wedged in the wheel well.
The proper operation of the antiretraction system should be checked in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Where safety switches are actuated by the torque links, the actual time of switch closing or opening can be checked by removing all air from the strut and then collapsing the strut. In every case, the adjustment should be such that the gear control cannot be placed in the UP position or that the system cannot operate until the shock strut is at the full extended position.
During the operational test, the smoothness of operation, effectiveness of up-and-down locks, operation of the warning horn, operation of indicating systems, and clearance of tyres in wheel wells should all be checked.
Emergency landing gear systems.
Exercise emergency landing gear systems periodically to ensure proper operation and to prevent inactivity, dirt, and corrosion from rendering the system inoperative when needed. Most emergency systems employ either mechanical, pressure-bottle, or free-fall extension capabilities. Check for the proper safeties on triggering mechanisms, and for the presence of required placards, and necessary accessories such as cranks, levers, handles, etc. Emergency blowdown bottles should be checked for corrosion damage, and then weighed to see if the bottle is still retaining the charge.
A thorough inspection of the landing gear is part and parcel of heavy maintenance checks and involves the entire structure of the gear, including attachments, struts, wheels, brakes, actuating mechanisms for retractable gears, gear hydraulic system and... heavy maintenance checks, landing gear repair, inspection, narrow bodied aircraft maintenance,
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